Calorie
Definition
A single calorie is the amount of energy needed to heat one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. This refers to the small calorie or gram calorie, which is equal to 4.1868 joules, the SI unit of energy.
A thousand small calories are equivalent to a large calorie, also called a kilocalorie. They’re used mostly by food labels and individuals in the human nutrition community.
Origin
Calories were first defined in 1824 as a unit of heat energy by Nicolas Clement and appeared in French and English dictionaries between 1841 and 1867. Later, Wilbur Olin Atwater introduced the large calorie (later spelled "calorie") to the American public in 1887.
Current use
The calorie is an outdated unit of measurement, but people still use it to measure food energy. The use of a capital C in Calorie usually means kilocalories rather than calories, which equals 1,000 calories or 4.2 kilojoules. Calories are often only labeled as Calories on menus and packaging instead of kilocalories to add confusion to the mix.
Calories have many meanings in scientific contexts. The most common meaning is the small calorie, but measurements are often reported in kilocalories.
Joule
Definition
Calories have many meanings in scientific contexts. The most common meaning is the small calorie, but measurements are often reported in kilocalories.
Origin
The unit, joule, is named after English physicist and mathematician James Prescott Joule. His work helped develop the Kelvin scale and he also discovered the relationship between heat and mechanical work. As a result, he developed the law of conservation of energy- the first law of thermodynamics.
Current use
The joule is an SI derived unit. It's used to measure energy in many practical contexts. Some examples are lifting heavy objects, the heat required to raise or lower temperature, or the kinetic energy of moving objects.
Newton-meters (N·m) are the SI units for torque, which means they can't be substituted for joules. For example, a laser pointer is delivered as 670 N·m and not 670 joules because of the way it converts. While they have the same algebraic form (1 J = 1 N·m), they should be considered different whenever possible to avoid confusion with torque.
Calorie (th) to Joule Conversion Table
Calorie (th) [cal (th)] Joule [J]
0.01 cal (th) 0.04184 J
0.1 cal (th) 0.4184 J
1 cal (th) 4.184 J
2 cal (th) 8.368 J
3 cal (th) 12.552 J
5 cal (th) 20.92 J
10 cal (th) 41.84 J
20 cal (th) 83.68 J
50 cal (th) 209.2 J
100 cal (th) 418.4 J
1000 cal (th) 4184 J
How to Convert Calorie (th) to Joule
1 cal (th) = 4.184 J
1 J = 0.2390057361 cal (th)
Example: convert 15 cal (th) to J:
15 cal (th) = 15 × 4.184 J = 62.76 J
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